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pii:S2252043014000016-4

Determinants of Health Practices among the Students of Tertiary Institutions in Kano State, Nigeria

Original Research, D16

Mustapha A., Ahmad U., Bola AdeyanjuF., Muhammed Tukur A. and Okuofu C.

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 73-77, 2014.

pii:S2252043014000017-4

The Prevalence of Occupational Stress as a Non-Auditory Effect of Noise among Palm Oil Mill Workers in 7 Sections of Two Selected Mills

Original Research, D17

Latifi Naeini R. and Bahri Hj Mohd Tamrin SH

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 78-84, 2014.

ABSTRACT: Palm Oil Mills are among the nosiest industrial workplaces, whereby excessive noise poses a threat to the health of organization and cause serious consequences. Excessive noise exposure gradually affects auditory and non-auditory aspects of health. The set symptoms are referred to as occupational stress, having a direct impact on concentration, thereby reducing the efficiency and productivity levels of organization. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine and the prevalence of occupational stress among Oil Palm Mill Workers in seven sections of two selected mills The study’s scope was on the non-auditory effects of excessive noise while. The participants were 62 workers of two selected Palm Oil mills. They were chosen through proportional stratified sampling. Based on the objective of this study the environmental sound levels were measured in seven different section while on the other hand O’Donnell inventory was utilized as a tool to determine the stress level. Evidence shows that Physiological and performance effects are the two most important body reflexes affected by high exposure risky noise levels. Noise as an occupational factor contributes to high occupational stress levels.
Key words: Environmental Sound Level, Non-Auditory Effects, Occupational Stress, Palm Oil Mill 

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pii:S2252043014000018-4

Dunn and Shukla Methods for Predicting Length of Umbilical Catheter in Newborns

Original Research, D18

Goodarzi R., Tariverdi M., Khamesan B., Barchinejad M., Zare SH. and Houshmandi MM

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 85-90, 2014.

ABSTRACT: Umbilical vessels catheters, especially Umbilical vein catheters (UVCs) are commonly inserted in newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). It is a suitable method for controlling electrolytes, blood gases, measuring central venous pressure, continuous monitoring of blood pressure and frequent blood sampling and continuous infusion of fluids. Despite the benefits and applications of umbilical venous catheter, it is associated with complication due to insertion of umbilical venous catheter in an inappropriate location. These complications can be life-threatening. Due to increasing use of Dunn and Shukla techniques, the present study aims to examine the accuracy of Umbilical vein catheters using Dunn and Shukla techniques in predicting the length of umbilical catheters in newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Children's Hospital of Bandar Abbas, Iran. This prospective observational study examines the success of Umbilical vein catheters by Dunn and Shukla methods in 2012. The population consisted of all newborns hospitalized in NICU at Children's Hospital. For this purpose, 100 infants hospitalized in NICU at Children's Hospital were divided into Dunn (42 patients) and Shukla (58 patients) groups to compare the accuracy of catheterization by these two methods. After inserting catheter, plain abdominal x-ray was prepared to determine the location of catheter tip. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 16.There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of birth weight, gender, gestational age and mean duration of umbilical venous catheter placement. After gathering required data on accuracy of umbilical venous catheter insertion, the accuracy was divided into three levels of correct, low and high. The frequencies of three levels were separately analyzed in both groups using Chi-square test. The results showed that rate of corrected catheter insertion were higher in compare with low or high catheter insertion in Shukla group. This finding was not observed in Dunn group. Also, the accuracy of Umbilical vein catheters (UVCs) was investigated in terms of gestational age and birth weight. The results showed that Shukla method was more appropriated than dunn method in birth weight less than 1500 g. and Shukla method led to better results of correct catheter insertion compared with low and high catheter insertion in birth weight less than 1500 g.  (X2= 11.40, p <0.003). Our results showed  that Shukla method was more appropriated  than dunn method in gestational age less than 36 weeks and  Shukla method led to better results of correct catheter insertion compared with low and high catheter insertion in gestational age less than 36 weeks (x2= 9.34, p <0.009). The results of the present study showed that Shukla method is more suitable than Dunn method. Moreover, Shukla method led to more accurate results in lower birth weights and gestational ages. 
Keywords: Umbilical Venous Catheter, Shukla Method, Dunn Method

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pii:S2252043014000019-4

The Association between Noise Exposure Level and Occupational Stress Level as a Non-Auditory Effects of Noise Among Palm oil Mill Workers

Original Research, D19

Latifi Naeini R.and Bahri Hj Mohd Tamrin SH

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 91-96, 2014.

ABSTRACT: Palm Oil Mills are among the nosiest industrial workplaces, whereby excessive noise poses a threat to the health of organization and cause serious consequences.  Excessive noise exposure gradually affects auditory and non-auditory aspects of health.  The set symptoms are referred to as occupational stress, having a direct impact on concentration, thereby reducing the efficiency and productivity levels of organization.  Therefore the objective of this study was to determine, in depth, the association between noise exposure and stress levels among Oil Palm Mill Workers. The study’s scope was on the non-auditory effects of excessive noise. The participants were 62 workers of two selected Palm Oil mills. They were chosen through proportional stratified sampling based on the objective of this study the individual noise exposure level and environmental sound level were examined among samples while on the other hand O’Donnell inventory was utilized as a tool to determine the stress level and finally the relationship between stress levels. Evidence shows that Physiological and performance effects are the two most important body reflexes affected by high exposure risky noise levels.  Noise as an occupational factor contributes to high occupational stress levels. Moreover subsequently, comprehensive solutions have been provided to this crisis.
Keywords: Noise Exposure, Non-Auditory Effects, Occupational Stress, Palm Oil Mill

pii:S2252043014000020-4 

A Study of Cancer Prevalence in Hormozagan Province During 2011

Original Research, D20

Niroomand Moradi Nejad N., Hamayeli Mehrabani H., Sarneyzadeh M., Pormehr Yabandeh A. and Hamedy S

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 97-100, 2014.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cancer disease based on cancer registry data in Hormozgan province during 2011.A descriptive study conducted between all the cancer patients who referred to hospitals in Hormozgan province, south of Iran during 2011. Age-standardized incidence (ASR) and CIR were calculated by estimation for the population. The frequency and prevalence were recorded and coded using International Classification for Disease for Oncology (ICD-O). Percent frequency was reported and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.392 cases of cancer were recorded including 180 women (45%) and 212 men. The incidence of cancer was 24.69 and in two genders were 25.4 and 23.4 in 100,000, respectively. The most prevalent cancers between men and women were gastrointestinal and breast cancer, respectively. More than half of all cancers were reported in subjects older than 55 years. Gastrointestinal and breast cancer were more prevalent between men and women, respectively.
Keywords:Prevalence, Cancer, Neoplasm, Horrmozgan

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pii:S2252043014000021-4

Homocysteine Level in Relation to Thyroid Function Tests in Hypothyroid Patients

Original Research, D21

Molham Ali AH., Ali Mohammed AM, Mohammed Abdulkader AN. and Faisal A

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 101-106, 2014.

ABSTRACT: Hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, which cannot be fully explained by the atherogenic lipid profile, and other pathogenic factors may be involved. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is an independent risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum tHcy level and its relationship to thyroid function tests (fT3, fT4 and TSH) in hypothyroid patients compared to control group as well as measurement of serum cholesterol and creatinine in both groups. In this study eighty females were selected of which fifty patients were recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and thirty normal volunteers control group. Determination of serum tHcy was assayed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique, fT3, fT4 and TSH by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas total cholesterol by colorimetric method, and serum creatinine by kinetic method. The data was statistically analysed by SPSS-10 and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Our results showed that hypothyroid patients revealed a significant increase of tHcy, TSH, T.cholesterol and creatinine levels, and a significant decrease of fT4 and fT3 levels compared to control group. Serum tHcy was higher than in control by 1.7-fold. THcy was significantly positively correlated with TSH, total cholesterol, creatinine, and age, and negatively correlated with free thyroxine (fT4). In conclusion, hypothyroidism was a strongly and inversely related to serum tHcy levels. Hyperhomocysteinemia, which together with hypercholesterolemia, may explain and contribute to an accelerated atherosclerosis seen in these patients. This article was taken from MSc thesis submitted by Mohammed Abdulkader Al-Nuzaily to faculty of medicine and health sciences, Sana’a University.
Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Homocysteine, Cardiovascular Disease, Atherosclerosis, Cholesterol, Creatinine, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Thyrotropin

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pii:S2252043014000022-4

A Systematic Review of Literature on Effect of Clonidine Premedication on Glucose Level in Type 1 Diabetic Patients (IDDM) During Ophthalmic Surgery

Original Research, D22

Nemati MH

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 107-110, 2014.

ABSTRACT: Hormonal fluctuations are causing changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory system and metabolism that would be problematic in a group of patients. One of the most important hormones in this way is catecholamines in patients with cardiovascular problems-especially patients with ischemic heart will impose adverse effects. Since in addition to patient safety, reduction of complications is among the most important goals of anesthesiologist, if could be offered a way to minimize the effects it will facilitate the achievement of this goal somewhat. This study sought to examine the studies in this area which their consequences could provide an overall view of the field of research for the researchers.
Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes, Clonidine, Randomized Clinical Trials, Vitrectomy, Hyperglycemia

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pii:S2252043014000023-4

Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training in Reducing of Aggression and Increasing self-Esteem in Women with Breast Cancer

Original Research, D23

Alipour A., Farzad V., Sharifi Saki SH

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 111-115, 2014.

ABSTRACT: Intelligence play an important role in variations related to mental health in women with breast cancer. The purpose of present study is considering the effectiveness of mindfulness trainings in reducing of aggression and increasing self-esteem in women with breast cancer. Statistic population of this study includes all Tehran women with breast cancer (visitors of Tajrish hospital) that, 30 of them were selected randomly and divided into two groups of test and control. Participants answer to aggression questionnaires of Bas and Perry and self –esteem questionnaire of Rosenberg before and after mindfulness training. Intergroup covariance analysis was used for analysis of findings. Results showed that cognitive training based on mindfulness is effect full on reducing aggression and increasing self-esteem meaningfully than control group on reducing aggression and increasing self-esteem in women with breast cancer. (p<0.01). regarding cognitive nature of generated problems in effect of breast cancer for women, it is considered that aggression in the way of mindfulness is effective in recovery of problems resulted from hard-cure diseases like cancer.
Keywords: Aggression, Self-Esteem, Mindfulness, Breast Cancer

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pii:S2252043014000024-4

Non-Specific Immunostimulatory Capacity of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Suppression of Breast Cancer Cells

Original Research, D24

Ismaila A., Umar A., Fauziah O. and Yong Yoke K

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 116-121, 2014.

ABSTRACT: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an enveloped single stranded RNA virus that causes deadly infection to over 250 species of birds, comprising domestic and wild-type, thus resulting in substantial economic loss to poultry industry across the globe. NDV possesses several distinctive properties that make it an outstanding anti-cancer agent. In humans it is reported to have oncolytic and immune-stimulatory effects, precisely replicates in tumour cells while sparing normal cells and causes oncolysis. Although NDV has been extensively studied by researchers there is still need for a vigorous research on its potential use as a new treatment modality to cancer patients through a known process termed viroimmunotherapy. This paper deals with an overview of the research which has been carried out worldwide in the use of immune-stimulatory properties of NDV as an anti-cancer agent.

Keywords: Newcastle Disease Virus, Immune-Stimulation, Anti-Cancer, Cytokines

pii:S2252043014000025-4

Ameliorative Efficacy of Taurine and Garlic Extract on Copper Sulphate Induced Immunotoxic Effect on Total and Differential Leucocyte Counts on African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Original Research, D25

Wani Adil A. and Sikdar-Bar M

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 122-129, 2014.

ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted to investigate the ameliorative efficacy of taurine and garlic extract in modulating the alterations in haematological parameters (TLC and DLC) induced by 90 days exposure to copper sulphate in Clarias gariepinus. Fish of average weight 98.43 ± 24.09 g and length 20.5 ± 2.5 cm were selected as test organism. Fish were divided into seven groups (I to VII) containing 20 fish in each group. The results obtained revealed that chronic exposure of fish to different sublethal concentrations (4 and 8 ppm) of copper sulphate induced marked alterations in total leucocyte count and differential leucocyte count. The results declared significant decrease of total leucocyte count and lymphocytes and non-significant (P>0.05) decrease of eosinophils, while as significant increase of neutrophils and monocytes were observed in copper sulphate treated groups (II and III) in comparison to control. Interestingly on supplementation of 5 ppm each of taurine in groups IV and V and garlic extract in groups VI and VII has appeared to minimize the effects of copper at all-time intervals by significantly increasing the leucocyte count and modulating the deranged differential leucocyte count.
Key words: Copper Sulphate, TLC, DLC, Taurine, Garlic Extract, Clarias gariepinus

pii:S2252043014000026-4

Evaluation of In-Vitro Anti-Mycobacterial Activity and Isolation of Active Constituents from Crocus Sativus L. (Iridaceae)

Original Research, D26

ShariqH., AmirulH., Malik N.Tanveer A. and Priyanka B

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 4(2): 130-135, 2014.

ABSTRACT: Emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against present day antitubercular agents is a major challenge to tuberculosis management programme. So, there is a need for novel drug discovery that may leads for development of alternative antitubercular agents. Crocus sativus is an important plant of Iridaceae family, known for its aroma; colour and medicinal properties used as traditional medicine to treat several disorders. The main constituents of the plant mostly contain antimycobacterial agents which were screened for antimycobacterial activity against non-pathogenic Mycobacterium semegmatis by disk diffusion method. The active extracts and their semipurified fractions were then tested against pathogenic M.tuberculosis H37RV, MDR and some clinical isolates by absolute concentration and proportion methods on LJ (Lewisten Jensen) media. The active extracts were subjected to bio-autoassay on TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) plates followed by silica column chromatography for isolation of potential drug leads. Hexane extract of C.sativus (HECS) and methanol extract of C.sativus (MECS) showed a promising activity against M.semegmatis. HECS and its semi purified fractions F11 and F15 (4%v/v) showed 74%, 68% and 66% inhibition while as MECS and its semi purified fraction F5 showed 72% and 68% inhibition respectively against MDR strain of  M.tuberculosis.
Keywords: Antimycobacterial agents, Tuberculosis, Crocus sativus