Volume 3 : Issue 3, September 2013

Table of Content, 20 Sep 2013

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Anti-Diabetic Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Crude Extracts of Pueraria Tuberosa DC (FABACEAE) Grown in India on STZ -Induced Diabetic Rats


AJMPR_C15

Original Research, C15

Tripathi A.K.and Kohli S.

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 3 (3): 66-73, 2013.

ABSTRACT: The available drugs for diabetes, Insulin or Oral hypoglycemic agents have one or more side effects. Search for new antidiabetic drugs with minimal or no side effects from medicinal plants is a challenge according to WHO recommendations. In this aspect, the present work was undertaken to study indigenous plant Pueraria tuberosa DC. (Fabaceae) is a perennial climber, commonly known as Vidarikand or Indian Kudzu. The tuber of P. tuberosa is used in indigenous system of Indian medicine as tonic, aphrodisiac, antirheumatic, diuretic and galactogogue. In the present study petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of P. tuberosa tubers were subjected to phytochemical investigation and evaluated for antidiabetic activity in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Dose selection was made on the basis of acute oral toxicity study (300-5000 mg/kg body weight) as per OECD guidelines. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in experimental diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg b.w.). After STZ induction, the hyperglycemic rats were treated with all four extracts orally at the dose 500 mg/kg b.w. daily for 21 days. Glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) was used as reference drug. Fasting blood glucose level and changes in body weight were measured on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferronni’s multiple comparison tests. Steroid, triterpenoid, glycoside, carbohydrate, alkaloids, flavanoid, tannin, protein and amino acid were found in the group tests. All the extracts at oral doses of 500 mg/kg b.w. significantly (p<0.001) exhibited antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats by reducing and normalizing the elevated fasting BGL as compared to those of STZ control group. The ethanol and aqueous extracts were most active. This study concludes that P. tuberosa tuber confirmed promising antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Key words: Pueraria Tuberosa, Streptozotocin, Glibenclamide, Antidiabetic Activity

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Subdural Empyema (Case Report)

AJMPR_C16

Original Research, C16

Rahmati M.B., Mamishi S., Rezai M.S., Houshmandi M.M. 2013

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 3(3): 74-77, 2013.

ABSTRACT: Subdural empyema (SE) is a life-threatening infection, it accounts for about 15-22% of focal intracranial infections. The mortality rate approached 100% before the introduction of penicillin and has declined since that time. We report a case of 10-mo-old infant who was admitted with high grade fever and convulsion with diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, after 10 days due to continue of fever, Vomiting and revealed disturbance of neurological examination, CT showed a low density area in the hemispheric area. She underwent urgent surgical drainage of subdural empyema (Burr hole) followed by antibiotics therapy. She was discharged from our hospital without neurologic deficit.
Key words
: Subdural empyema; Abscess   

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Study of Ethical Standards in Genetic Research


Original Research, C17

Nejatizadeh A., Nikuei P.

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 3 (3): 78-81, 2013.

ABSTRACT: The genetic researches not also has increased our medical knowledge, but also has promoted health conditions and their treatments as well. They have also brought some moral issues with themselves too. So, by taking into notice that the rapid progress in genetics and vast concentrations of information on genome and our understandings about the inheritance of diseases, necessary and essential decisions has to be made for considering human values, and the dignity of the research participants. Methods: the existing study was conducted by the examination of 50 research papers on genetic disorders, which is currently available at Jahad Daneshgahi’s Scientific Information center. The selected articles were examined from the aspect of five moral genetic research guide codes. Findings and conclusion: in 42 percent of studies, individuals participated in the research after receiving their consents, only 10 percent of the study included genetic counseling for individuals. 16 percent of the studies were conducted by the permission of the moral committee, while the principle of confidentiality was observed during the studies. The accomplishments gained from all of the conducted studies have been made public. It seems that, necessary instructions have to be made in order to sensitize researches and the public to respect the ethical and moral aspects of this study.
Key words: Medical Ethics, Genetic Research, Informed Consent, Confidentiality

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Investigation of Anti Inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activity of Rhizome Volatile Oil of Alpinia Speciosa

Original Research, C18

Thenmozhi S., Chaturvedi M., Dwivedi S., and Subasini U.

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 3(3): 82-84, 2013.

ABSTRACT: Alpinia speciosa (Zingiberaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant in the many parts of the World including India the management of various conditions including pain, inflammation and fevers conditions. In the present study the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of the volatile oil of rhizome were investigated and were reported and was found that the volatile oil have significant effect when compared to respective standard.
Key words
: Alpinia speciosa, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti-pyretic, Volatile oil, Rhizome

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Polymerase Chain Reaction for Frequent Evaluation of Enterovirus in Aseptic Meningitis

Original Research, C19

Rahmati M.B., Tabatabaie P., Houshmandi M.M.

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 3(3): 85-87, 2013.

ABSTRACT: Meningitis is one of the most common CNS emergencies. Aseptic meningitis is the most prevalent type of meningitis. The clinical features initially are not specific. Enteroviruses have more than 60 serotypes which are culpable for more than 85% of aseptic meningitis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive test for detection of viruses; therefore by using of this method, diagnosis of aseptic meningitis can be achieved rapidly. We can use this method even for detection of viral types, and therefore choosing the best treatment. We have evaluated 47 cases of highly suspicious to meningitis in a cross sectional manner by PCR method. We found 4 positive cases for enterovirus. It seems that, by using of PCR method we can differentiate aseptic meningitis easily and rapidly, so decreasing costs can be achieved by this method.
Key words
: PCR, Enterovirus, Aseptic Meningitis, Bacterial Resistance

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The Assessment of the Prevalence of Renal Dysfunction in Sickle Cell Patients Attending to Children Hospital


Original Research, C20

Molavi M.A., Esteghamati M., Zare SH., Nazemi A.M., Akhavan Fard H.R., Namazi S.SH.

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 3(3): 88-92, 2013.

ABSTRACT: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that leading to painful crisis by e Entrapment of deformed red blood cells in the microcirculation in particular in renal medullary vessels. Renal involvement is documented in patients with SCD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal dysfunction in sickle cell patients. This was a cross sectional study conducted among all of the patients with SCD attended to Children Hospital of Bandar Abbas in 2012.Laboratory examinations consisting of complete blood count and hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed. Serum creatinine level was measured and GFR was calculated using Bedside Schwartz equation. Urinanalysis was requested to assess urine specific gravity (SG).Demographic data (age, gender) of participants were collected. Children who had nutritional or digestive disorder or other underlying disease such as diabetes mellitus, cardiac problem and pulmonary disease were excluded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (V.19). Frequency, mean and standard deviation was interpreted. Fifty three children with SCD were enrolled in the study and the mean age of patients was 7.7 ± 4.6 years. The most common SCD subtype was Sβ+ (N= 22, P = 39.6%). Mean hemoglobin value was 8.37 ± 1.73 and mean GFR was 148.54 ± 37.53. Among the participants, 7 (13.2%) and 4 (7.5%) had micoralbuminuria and proteinuria respectively. Microalbuminuria in female patients (N = 4, P = 21.1%), was more than male (N= 3, P =8.8%). Microabluminuria and proteinuria increased with increasing age. But, there were no significant correlation between age and microalbumiuria or proteinuria. Further studies with higher sample size are recommended.
Key words
: Sickle cell, Microalbminiuria, Proteinuria

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Comparison of Therapeutic Response and Complications of Oral Osveral and Injection Desfereal Chelating Agent in Patient with Thalassemia Major


Original Research, C21

Molavi M.A., Doozandeh H., Nazemi A.M., Evazi R., Mansoori F.

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 3(3): 93-97, 2013.

ABSTRACT: Iron overload is frequently leads to excessive iron deposition observed in patients with thalassemia because they receive frequent blood transfusion. Deferasirox, new oral iron chelators reduce iron load in transfusion-dependent patients. This study was performed to compare the efficacy and side effects of Desfereal versus Osveral in treatment of iron overload in transfusion patients with β-Thalassemia and intermediate thalassemia in Bandarabbas. Method: This clinical trial study performed on one hundred and thirty eight (above of two years) with β-Thalassemia and intermediate Thalassemia in Bandar Abbas. Patients were assigned randomly in two groups (69 cases in Osveral group and 69 cases in deferral group). Complete blood count, serum levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ferritin and creatinine were measured in both groups. First group receive 20 mg/kg oral Osveral daily and second group receive 40 mg/kg subcutaneous Desfereal per 12 hours. Complete blood count, serum levels of ALT, AST, ferritin and creatinine were measured in both groups. The cases reevaluated after 4 and 8 months. The date was analyzed by SPSS version 16 software using descriptive, Chi-square test and T-test. Significant level was set as P<0.005. Results: A total of 138 transfusion dependent patients received Osveral (n=69) or Desfereal (n=69). Decrease serum level of ferritin and hemoglobin there was significantly but this difference no significant in both groups. Abnormal laboratory studies with Osveral were associated with mild leukopenia (4.3%) and thrombocytopenia (5.8%) and with Desfereal were associated thrombocytopenia (1.4%). Conclusion: In this study transfusion dependent patient with thalassemia we observed a significant decrease in serum ferritin and hemoglobin with oral Osveral and Desfereal. Osveral is an oral iron chelator has acceptable tolerability and appears to have similar effects to Desfereal in decreasing serum iron in patients with iron overload. More randomized studies should be undertaken to determine the effects and side effects of iron chelators for treatment of iron overload.  
Key words
: Iron overload, Osveral, Desfereal, Thalassemia

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How to Control Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes


Original Research, C22

Sajjadi H.S., Karbaschi M.H., Samavi A.S., Habibi P., Arabzadeh A., Hasani Dehghan N.

Asian J. Med. Pharm. Res., 3(3): 98-101, 2013.

ABSTRACT: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the major causes of death in diabetic diseases. Dyslipidemia (increasing LDL or decreasing HDL) are among the major causes that increase risk of CVDs. In the present study, control and treatment of blood lipids in diabetic patients is studied. For this purpose, 54 diabetic patients has been studied from 2009 and followed up for 3 successive years. On the start of study, mean of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C were 202.12, 203.07, 113.90, 44.72, respectively. Repeated measure analysis used for examine of significant changes in variables levels during the 36 months. According this, statistical parameters obtained showed a significant decrease of variables study during the period. Generally the results obtained from the present study show that the control level of blood lipids was successful. Results of the study have been discussed in the end of article.
Key words
: Diabetic Diseases, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C

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